Mozog: Rozdiel medzi revíziami

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[[Kategória:Mozog| ]]


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Verzia z 16:44, 2. júl 2014

O románe Robina Cooka pozri Mozog (román).
ľudský mozog
Ľudský mozog - priečny rez pomocou magnetickej rezonancie (sekvencia "true" IR)

Mozog (lat. encephalon ← z gr. enkefalon, en- v, kefalos hlava) je orgán, ktorý slúži ako centrum nervového systému všetkých stavovcov a väčšiny bezstavovcov - iba niektoré bezstavovce ako napríklad špongie, medúzy a hviezdice nemajú mozog, aj keď roztrúsené nervové tkanivo je u nich prítomné. Nachádza sa hlave, zvyčajne blízko primarných zmyslových orgánov. Mozog je najkomplexnejším orgánom tela stavovcov. U priemerného človeka sa mozgová kôra (najväčšia časť) skladá z 15-33 miliárd neurónov,[1] pričom každý z nich komunikuje pomocou synapsií s ďaľšími niekoľkými tisícmi neurónov. Hmotnosť mozgu dospelého človeka je približne 1 400 g.

Mozog človeka

Mozog človeka je zložité zoskupenie vyšších a najvyšších nervových centier, ústredný orgán nervovej sústavy človeka.

Pozostáva z niekoľkých oddielov, ktoré sú uložené v lebečnej dutine. Jeho hlavná časť (mozog v užšom zmysle, veľký mozog) je koncový mozog. Jeho nižšie oddiely sa súborne nazývajú mozgový kmeň.

Prístredné závity na mozgovej spodine v koncovom mozgu patria k čuchovému mozgu, ktorý je výrazne vyvinutý u niektorých cicavcov.

Časť mozgu nazývaná predĺžená miecha je plynulým pokračovaním chrbticovej miechy.

Stavba

Anatomicky sa mozog skladá z niekoľkých častí:

Zadný mozog v širšom zmysle a stredný mozog (okrem mozočka) tvoria tzv. mozgový kmeň. Inými slovami má teda mozog takéto zloženie:

Z iného hľadiska mozog obsahuje najmä:

Vývoj a zrenie mozgu

Mozog sa vytvára z kraniálnej časti neurálnej trubice, kde vznikajú tri vzájomne prepojené rozšírenia:

  • prosencephalon (gr. pro - pred, enkefalon - mozog) - základ pre predný mozog. V ďalšom vývoji sa rozdelí na:
    • telencephalon (gr. telos - koniec) - koncový alebo veľký mozog
    • diencephalon (gr. dia - medzi) - medzimozog
  • mesencephalon (gr. mesos - stredný) - základ pre stredný mozog
  • rhombencephalon (gr. rhombos - kosoštvorec) - základ pre zadný mozog. V ďalšom vývoji sa rozdelí na:
    • metencephalon - (gr. met) - Varolov most a mozoček
    • myelencephalon - (gr. myeolos - miecha) - základ predĺženej miechy

Vývoj a dozrievanie mozgu je veľmi zložitý a komplexný proces biologických a chemických zmien. Počas zrenia dochádza k rastu počtu i veľkosti neurónov a neuroglie, k tvoreníu nových vájomných spojení nervových buniek a k myelinizácii. K najdôležitejším procesom patrí gyrifikácia a myelinizácia mozgu.

Dve hemisféry

Bližšie informácie v hlavnom článku: Funkčná asymetria hemisfér

Iné projekty

  • Spolupracuj na Wikicitátoch Wikicitáty ponúkajú citáty od alebo o Mozog
  • Spolupracuj na Commons Commons ponúka multimediálne súbory na tému Mozog


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  1. ↑ Pelvig, DP; Pakkenberg, H; Stark, AK; Pakkenberg, B (2008). "Neocortical glial cell numbers in human brains". Neurobiology of Aging 29 (11): 1754–1762. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier" style="background-color: rgb(221, 238, 255); font-size: 12px; line-height: 17.280000686645508px;">doi</a>:<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.neurobiolaging.2007.04.013" rel="nofollow" class="external text" style="color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background-image: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent), 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background-color: rgb(221, 238, 255); padding-right: 13px; font-size: 12px; line-height: 17.280000686645508px; background-position: 100% 50%, 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;">10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2007.04.013</a>.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" title="PubMed Identifier" class="mw-redirect" style="background-color: rgb(221, 238, 255); font-size: 12px; line-height: 17.280000686645508px;">PMID</a> <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17544173" rel="nofollow" class="external text" style="color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background-image: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent), 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background-color: rgb(221, 238, 255); padding-right: 13px; font-size: 12px; line-height: 17.280000686645508px; background-position: 100% 50%, 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;">17544173</a>.
Zdroj: „https://sk.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mozog&oldid=5811924“