Redaktor:Urscrumg/pieskovisko

Joziáš
Júdsky kráľ
Panovanie
Dynastia	Dávidova
Panovanie	641/640 to 610/609 BC
Predchodca	Amón
Nástupca	Joacház
Biografické údaje
Narodenie	c. 648 BC pravdepodobne Jeruzalem
Úmrtie	Tammúz (Jún/Júl) 609 BC Jeruzalem
Rodina
Manželka	Zebidah, Hamutal
Potomstvo	Jochanan, Joacház, Jójakim, Cidkija
Otec	Amón
Matka	Jedida
Historický portál  Biografický portál

Joziáš

Joziáš (hebrejsky יאשיהו Jošijahu ) bol Júdsky kráľ (641–609 BC) ktorý uskutočnil významnú náboženskú reformu, počas ktorej sa pokúsil odstrániť v Júdsku všetky pohanské kulty a ustanovil ako legálny iba jediný kult a to Hospodinov.

Okrem náboženskej reformy se prejavil ako veľmi schopný panovník, za ktorého vlády Júdsko ovládlo dokonca i rozsiahle oblasti bývalého severoizraelského kráľovstva až po Jizre'el a Galileu.

Je tiež vymenovaný v rodokmeni Ježiša Krista v evanjeliu podľa Matúša.

Život

Joziáš bol synom kráľa Amóna and Jedidy, dcéry Adajovej z Bockatu. Jeho starý otec Menašše bol jedným z králov ktorí sa odvrátili od uctievania Hospodina. Joziáš sa stal kráľom keď mal sedem rokov, po zavraždení jeho otca, a vládol tridsať jeden rokov , od 641/640 do 610/609 BC.

Mal štyroch synov: Johanan, Eliakim (born c. 634 BC) , Mattanyahu (c. 618 BC) and Shallum (633/632 BC).

Zomrel v roku 609 p.n.l. keď bol ťažko zranený v bitke pri Megide s egyptským faraónom Nechom II., ktorý ho porazil, keď tiahol na pomoc svojim asýrskym spojencom v boji proti Babylónii.

Náboženské reformy

V osemnástom roku svojej vlády prikázal kňazovi Chilkijovi aby peniaze vybrané od ľudu v chráme Hospodinovom boli použité na jeho rekonštrukciu. Počas prác bol nájdený zvitok označený ako "Kniha Zákona Hospodinovho". The phrase "the book of the Torah" (ספר התורה) in 2 Kings 22:8 is identical to the phrase used in to describe the sacred writings that Joshua had received from Moses. Kniha nie je v texte označená ako Tóra, ale prevdepodobne to bolo jadro knihy Book of Deuteronomy.

Hilkiah brought this scroll to Josiah's attention, and the king ordered it read to a crowd in Jerusalem. He is praised for this piety by the prophetess Huldah, who made the prophecy that all involved would die without having to see God's judgment on Judah for the sins they had committed in prior generations.

Josiah encouraged the exclusive worship of Yahweh and outlawed all other forms of worship.2 Kings 23 According to the biblical account, Josiah destroyed the living quarters for male cult prostitutes which were in the Temple, and also destroyed pagan objects related to the worship of Baal, Asherah), "and all the hosts of the heavens". Josiah had living pagan priests executed and even had the bones of the dead priests of Bethel exhumed from their graves and burned on their altars, which was viewed as an extreme act of desecration. Josiah also reinstituted the Passover celebrations, although the Biblical account states that it had not been observed until that time. ({{bibleverse|2|Kings|23:4-15|NIV}})

According to the later account in 2 Chronicles, Josiah even destroyed altars and images of pagan deities in cities of the tribes of Manasseh, Ephraim, "and Simeon, as far as Naphtali" ({{bibleverse|2|Chronicles|34:6-7|NIV}}), which were outside of his kingdom, Judah, and returned the Ark of the Covenant to the Temple. (see List of Artifacts Significant to the Bible).

Foreign relations

Faraón Necho II

When Josiah became king of Judah in about 641/640 BC, the international situation was in flux. To the east, the Assyrian Empire was beginning to disintegrate, the Babylonian Empire had not yet risen to replace it, and Egypt to the west was still recovering from Assyrian rule. In this power vacuum, Jerusalem was able to govern itself for the time being without foreign intervention.

In the spring of 609 BC, Pharaoh Necho II personally led a sizable army up to the Euphrates River to aid the Assyrians.[1][2] Taking the coast route Via Maris into Syria at the head of a large army, consisting mainly of his mercenaries, and supported by his Mediterranean fleet along the shore, Necho passed the low tracts of Philistia and Sharon. However, the passage over the ridge of hills which shuts in on the south of the great Jezreel Valley was blocked by the Judean army led by Josiah, who may have considered that the Assyrians and Egyptians were weakened by the death of the pharaoh Psamtik I only a year earlier (610 BC), who had been appointed and confirmed by Assyrian kings Esarhaddon and Assurbanipal.[3] Josiah attempted to block the advance at Megiddo, where the fierce battle was fought and where Josiah was killed. ({{bibleverse|2|Kings|23:29|HE}}, {{bibleverse|2|Chronicles|35:20-24|HE}}) Necho then joined forces with the Assyrian Ashur-uballit II and together they crossed the Euphrates and lay siege to Harran. The combined forces failed to capture the city, and Necho retreated back to northern Syria.

Kniha Zákona

The Biblical text states that the priest Hilkiah found a scroll called "the Book of the Torah" in the temple during the early stages of Josiah's temple renovation, possibly in a type of Genizah. Among biblical scholars this has been generally accepted to be the Book of Deuteronomy. Most recent biblical scholarship, nevertheless, sees it as largely legendary narrative about one of the earliest stages of creation of deuteronomistic work. According to this legend Hilkiah gave the scroll to his secretary Shaphan who took it to king Josiah. Historical-critical biblical scholarship generally accept that this scroll — an early predecessor of the Torah— was written by the priests driven by ideological interest to centralize power under Josiah in Jerusalem Temple, and that the core narrative from Joshua to 2 Kings up to Josiah's reign comprise a "Deuteronomistic History" (DtrH) written during Josiah's reign. On the other hand, recent European theologians posit that most of the Torah and Deuteronomistic History was composed and its form finalized during Persian period several centuries later.

Zdroje

- Biblia - Slovenský ekumenický preklad

- EN wiki

The chief sources of information for Josiah's reign are {{bibleverse|2|Kings|22-23|HE}} and {{bibleverse|2|Chronicles|34-35|HE}}. Considerable archaeological evidence exists, including a number of "scroll-style" stamps which date to his reign.^{[chýba zdroj]}

The date of Josiah's death can fairly well be established. The Babylonian Chronicle dates the battle at Harran between the Assyrians and their Egyptian allies against the Babylonians from Tammuz (July–August) to Elul (August–September) 609 BC. On that basis, Josiah was killed in the month of Tammuz (July–August) 609 BC, when the Egyptians were on their way to Harran.